Waste management is one of the world's greatest challenges. These wastes are composed of plastics and polymers, which are challenging to handle. Production of plastics and plastic items surged in 2017 and is higher than any previous global record. Its output rose by 13 million tons in just one year, from 2015 to 2016 (Plastic Europe, 2017). Studies reveal that roughly 10% of municipal solid waste content is made up of plastics. This is because plastic garbage makes up 90% of the world's three most populated rivers and is believed to cause 20â30% of marine life extinction. Over seven million tons of plastic debris are dumped into the planet yearly. If this trend continues, the ocean will contain more plastic than fish, and more than 97% of the birds will eat it (D. Joystu, C. Moharana, 2018).